The influence of fear on the dynamics of a prey-predator-scavenger model with quadratic harvesting

Abstract

A mathematical model of a Holling type -II food web comprising prey-predator-scavenger is created and investigated in this study. Fear and quadratic harvesting are discussed. The properties of the system's solution are described in detail. All of the potential equilibrium points have been identified. Analytical research is done on local and global stability, persistence, local bifurcation, and Hopf- bifurcation. Numerical simulation is often used to explore the system's global dynamical behavior as well as the effects of altering parameter values. The solution appears to approach either the asymptotic stable point or a Hopf-bifurcation. Furthermore, both fear and harvesting have a stabilizing effect on the system's behavior up to a certain point, and then extinction occurred.